"); print_r($add);

        // Determine the container
        $attributes["container"]=array_reverse($attributes["container"]);
        $container="OU=".implode(",OU=",$attributes["container"]);

        // Add the entry
        $result=@ldap_add($this->_conn, "CN=".$add["cn"][0].", ".$container.",".$this->_base_dn, $add);
        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }
        
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Delete a user account
    * 
    * @param string $username The username to delete (please be careful here!)
    * @return array
    */
    public function user_delete($username) {      
        $userinfo = $this->user_info($username, array("*"));
        $dn = $userinfo[0]['distinguishedname'][0];
        $result=$this->dn_delete($dn);
        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }        
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Groups the user is a member of
    * 
    * @param string $username The username to query
    * @param bool $recursive Recursive list of groups
    * @return array
    */
    public function user_groups($username,$recursive=NULL){
        if ($username==NULL){ return (false); }
        if ($recursive==NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } // Use the default option if they haven't set it
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
        
        // Search the directory for their information
        $info=@$this->user_info($username,array("memberof","primarygroupid"));
        $groups=$this->nice_names($info[0]["memberof"]); // Presuming the entry returned is our guy (unique usernames)

        if ($recursive){
            foreach ($groups as $id => $group_name){
                $extra_groups=$this->recursive_groups($group_name);
                $groups=array_merge($groups,$extra_groups);
            }
        }
        
        return ($groups);
    }
    
    /**
    * Find information about the users
    * 
    * @param string $username The username to query
    * @param array $fields Array of parameters to query
    * @return array
    */
    public function user_info($username,$fields=NULL){
        if ($username==NULL){ return (false); }
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }

        $filter="samaccountname=".$username;
        if ($fields==NULL){ $fields=array("samaccountname","mail","memberof","department","displayname","telephonenumber","primarygroupid","objectsid"); }
        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
        
        if ($entries[0]['count'] >= 1) {
            // AD does not return the primary group in the ldap query, we may need to fudge it
            if ($this->_real_primarygroup && isset($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0]) && isset($entries[0]["objectsid"][0])){
                //$entries[0]["memberof"][]=$this->group_cn($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0]);
                $entries[0]["memberof"][]=$this->get_primary_group($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0], $entries[0]["objectsid"][0]);
            } else {
                $entries[0]["memberof"][]="CN=Domain Users,CN=Users,".$this->_base_dn;
            }
        }
        
        $entries[0]["memberof"]["count"]++;
        return ($entries);
    }
    
    /**
    * Determine if a user is in a specific group
    * 
    * @param string $username The username to query
    * @param string $group The name of the group to check against
    * @param bool $recursive Check groups recursively
    * @return bool
    */
    public function user_ingroup($username,$group,$recursive=NULL){
        if ($username==NULL){ return (false); }
        if ($group==NULL){ return (false); }
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
        if ($recursive==NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } // Use the default option if they haven't set it
        
        // Get a list of the groups
        $groups=$this->user_groups($username,array("memberof"),$recursive);
        
        // Return true if the specified group is in the group list
        if (in_array($group,$groups)){ return (true); }

        return (false);
    }
    
    /**
    * Modify a user
    * 
    * @param string $username The username to query
    * @param array $attributes The attributes to modify.  Note if you set the enabled attribute you must not specify any other attributes
    * @return bool
    */
    public function user_modify($username,$attributes){
        if ($username==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
        if (array_key_exists("password",$attributes) && !$this->_use_ssl){ 
            throw new adLDAPException('SSL must be configured on your webserver and enabled in the class to set passwords.');
        }
        //if (array_key_exists("container",$attributes)){
            //if (!is_array($attributes["container"])){ return ("Container attribute must be an array."); }
            //$attributes["container"]=array_reverse($attributes["container"]);
        //}

        // Find the dn of the user
        $user_dn=$this->user_dn($username);
        if ($user_dn===false){ return (false); }
        
        // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
        $mod=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
        
        // Check to see if this is an enabled status update
        if (!$mod && !array_key_exists("enabled", $attributes)){ return (false); }
        
        // Set the account control attribute (only if specified)
        if (array_key_exists("enabled",$attributes)){
            if ($attributes["enabled"]){ $control_options=array("NORMAL_ACCOUNT"); }
            else { $control_options=array("NORMAL_ACCOUNT","ACCOUNTDISABLE"); }
            $mod["userAccountControl"][0]=$this->account_control($control_options);
        }

        // Do the update
        $result=@ldap_modify($this->_conn,$user_dn,$mod);
        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
        
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Disable a user account
    * 
    * @param string $username The username to disable
    * @return bool
    */
    public function user_disable($username){
        if ($username==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
        $attributes=array("enabled"=>0);
        $result = $this->user_modify($username, $attributes);
        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
        
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Enable a user account
    * 
    * @param string $username The username to enable
    * @return bool
    */
    public function user_enable($username){
        if ($username==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
        $attributes=array("enabled"=>1);
        $result = $this->user_modify($username, $attributes);
        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
        
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Set the password of a user - This must be performed over SSL
    * 
    * @param string $username The username to modify
    * @param string $password The new password
    * @return bool
    */
    public function user_password($username,$password){
        if ($username==NULL){ return (false); }
        if ($password==NULL){ return (false); }
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
        if (!$this->_use_ssl){ 
            throw new adLDAPException('SSL must be configured on your webserver and enabled in the class to set passwords.');
        }
        
        $user_dn=$this->user_dn($username);
        if ($user_dn===false){ return (false); }
                
        $add=array();
        $add["unicodePwd"][0]=$this->encode_password($password);
        
        $result=ldap_mod_replace($this->_conn,$user_dn,$add);
        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
        
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Return a list of all users in AD
    * 
    * @param bool $include_desc Return a description of the user
    * @param string $search Search parameter
    * @param bool $sorted Sort the user accounts
    * @return array
    */
    public function all_users($include_desc = false, $search = "*", $sorted = true){
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
        
        // Perform the search and grab all their details
        $filter = "(&(objectClass=user)(samaccounttype=". ADLDAP_NORMAL_ACCOUNT .")(objectCategory=person)(cn=".$search."))";
        $fields=array("samaccountname","displayname");
        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);

        $users_array = array();
        for ($i=0; $i<$entries["count"]; $i++){
            if ($include_desc && strlen($entries[$i]["displayname"][0])>0){
                $users_array[ $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["displayname"][0];
            } elseif ($include_desc){
                $users_array[ $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0];
            } else {
                array_push($users_array, $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0]);
            }
        }
        if ($sorted){ asort($users_array); }
        return ($users_array);
    }
    
    //*****************************************************************************************************************
    // CONTACT FUNCTIONS
    // * Still work to do in this area, and new functions to write
    
    /**
    * Create a contact
    * 
    * @param array $attributes The attributes to set to the contact
    * @return bool
    */
    public function contact_create($attributes){
        // Check for compulsory fields
        if (!array_key_exists("display_name",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [display_name]"); }
        if (!array_key_exists("email",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [email]"); }
        if (!array_key_exists("container",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [container]"); }
        if (!is_array($attributes["container"])){ return ("Container attribute must be an array."); }

        // Translate the schema
        $add=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
        
        // Additional stuff only used for adding contacts
        $add["cn"][0]=$attributes["display_name"];
        $add["objectclass"][0]="top";
        $add["objectclass"][1]="person";
        $add["objectclass"][2]="organizationalPerson";
        $add["objectclass"][3]="contact"; 
        if (!isset($attributes['exchange_hidefromlists'])) {
            $add["msExchHideFromAddressLists"][0]="TRUE";
        }

        // Determine the container
        $attributes["container"]=array_reverse($attributes["container"]);
        $container="OU=".implode(",OU=",$attributes["container"]);

        // Add the entry
        $result=@ldap_add($this->_conn, "CN=".$add["cn"][0].", ".$container.",".$this->_base_dn, $add);
        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }
        
        return (true);
    }  
    
    /**
    * Determine the list of groups a contact is a member of
    * 
    * @param string $distinguisedname The full DN of a contact
    * @param bool $recursive Recursively check groups
    * @return array
    */
    public function contact_groups($distinguishedname,$recursive=NULL){
        if ($distinguishedname==NULL){ return (false); }
        if ($recursive==NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } //use the default option if they haven't set it
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
        
        // Search the directory for their information
        $info=@$this->contact_info($distinguishedname,array("memberof","primarygroupid"));
        $groups=$this->nice_names($info[0]["memberof"]); //presuming the entry returned is our contact

        if ($recursive){
            foreach ($groups as $id => $group_name){
                $extra_groups=$this->recursive_groups($group_name);
                $groups=array_merge($groups,$extra_groups);
            }
        }
        
        return ($groups);
    }
    
    /**
    * Get contact information
    * 
    * @param string $distinguisedname The full DN of a contact
    * @param array $fields Attributes to be returned
    * @return array
    */
    public function contact_info($distinguishedname,$fields=NULL){
        if ($distinguishedname==NULL){ return (false); }
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }

        $filter="distinguishedName=".$distinguishedname;
        if ($fields==NULL){ $fields=array("distinguishedname","mail","memberof","department","displayname","telephonenumber","primarygroupid","objectsid"); }
        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
        
        if ($entries[0]['count'] >= 1) {
            // AD does not return the primary group in the ldap query, we may need to fudge it
            if ($this->_real_primarygroup && isset($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0]) && isset($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0])){
                //$entries[0]["memberof"][]=$this->group_cn($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0]);
                $entries[0]["memberof"][]=$this->get_primary_group($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0], $entries[0]["objectsid"][0]);
            } else {
                $entries[0]["memberof"][]="CN=Domain Users,CN=Users,".$this->_base_dn;
            }
        }
        
        $entries[0]["memberof"]["count"]++;
        return ($entries);
    }
    
    /**
    * Determine if a contact is a member of a group
    * 
    * @param string $distinguisedname The full DN of a contact
    * @param string $group The group name to query
    * @param bool $recursive Recursively check groups
    * @return bool
    */
    public function contact_ingroup($distinguisedname,$group,$recursive=NULL){
        if ($distinguisedname==NULL){ return (false); }
        if ($group==NULL){ return (false); }
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
        if ($recursive==NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } //use the default option if they haven't set it
        
        // Get a list of the groups
        $groups=$this->contact_groups($distinguisedname,array("memberof"),$recursive);
        
        // Return true if the specified group is in the group list
        if (in_array($group,$groups)){ return (true); }

        return (false);
    }          
    
    /**
    * Modify a contact
    * 
    * @param string $distinguishedname The contact to query
    * @param array $attributes The attributes to modify.  Note if you set the enabled attribute you must not specify any other attributes
    * @return bool
    */
    public function contact_modify($distinguishedname,$attributes){
        if ($distinguishedname==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [distinguishedname]"); }
        
        // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
        $mod=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
        
        // Check to see if this is an enabled status update
        if (!$mod){ return (false); }
        
        // Do the update
        $result=ldap_modify($this->_conn,$distinguishedname,$mod);
        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
        
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Delete a contact
    * 
    * @param string $distinguishedname The contact dn to delete (please be careful here!)
    * @return array
    */
    public function contact_delete($distinguishedname) {
        $result = $this->dn_delete($distinguishedname);
        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }       
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Return a list of all contacts
    * 
    * @param bool $include_desc Include a description of a contact
    * @param string $search The search parameters
    * @param bool $sorted Whether to sort the results
    * @return array
    */
    public function all_contacts($include_desc = false, $search = "*", $sorted = true){
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
        
        // Perform the search and grab all their details
        $filter = "(&(objectClass=contact)(cn=".$search."))";
        $fields=array("displayname","distinguishedname");           
        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);

        $users_array = array();
        for ($i=0; $i<$entries["count"]; $i++){
            if ($include_desc && strlen($entries[$i]["displayname"][0])>0){
                $users_array[ $entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["displayname"][0];
            } elseif ($include_desc){
                $users_array[ $entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0];
            } else {
                array_push($users_array, $entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0]);
            }
        }
        if ($sorted){ asort($users_array); }
        return ($users_array);
    }

    //*****************************************************************************************************************
    // COMPUTER FUNCTIONS
    
    /**
    * Get information about a specific computer
    * 
    * @param string $computer_name The name of the computer
    * @param array $fields Attributes to return
    * @return array
    */
    public function computer_info($computer_name,$fields=NULL){
        if ($computer_name==NULL){ return (false); }
        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }

        $filter="(&(objectClass=computer)(cn=".$computer_name."))";
        if ($fields==NULL){ $fields=array("memberof","cn","displayname","dnshostname","distinguishedname","objectcategory","operatingsystem","operatingsystemservicepack","operatingsystemversion"); }
        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
        
        return ($entries);
    }
    
    //************************************************************************************************************
    // EXCHANGE FUNCTIONS
    
    /**
    * Create an Exchange account
    * 
    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the Exchange account to
    * @param array $storagegroup The mailbox, Exchange Storage Group, for the user account, this must be a full CN
    *                            If the storage group has a different base_dn to the adLDAP configuration, set it using $base_dn
    * @param string $emailaddress The primary email address to add to this user
    * @param string $mailnickname The mail nick name.  If mail nickname is blank, the username will be used
    * @param bool $usedefaults Indicates whether the store should use the default quota, rather than the per-mailbox quota.
    * @param string $base_dn Specify an alternative base_dn for the Exchange storage grop
    * @return bool
    */
    public function exchange_create_mailbox($username, $storagegroup, $emailaddress, $mailnickname=NULL, $usedefaults=TRUE, $base_dn=NULL){
        if ($username==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
        if ($storagegroup==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory array [storagegroup]"); }
        if (!is_array($storagegroup)){ return ("[storagegroup] must be an array"); }
        if ($emailaddress==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [emailaddress]"); }
        
        if ($base_dn==NULL) {
            $base_dn = $this->_base_dn;   
        }
        
        $container="CN=".implode(",CN=",$storagegroup);
        
        if ($mailnickname==NULL) { $mailnickname=$username; }
        $mdbUseDefaults = $this->bool2str($usedefaults);
        
        $attributes = array(
            'exchange_homemdb'=>$container.",".$base_dn,
            'exchange_proxyaddress'=>'SMTP:' . $emailaddress,
            'exchange_mailnickname'=>$mailnickname,
            'exchange_usedefaults'=>$mdbUseDefaults
        );
        $result = $this->user_modify($username,$attributes);
        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Add an address to Exchange
    * 
    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the Exchange account to
    * @param string $emailaddress The email address to add to this user
    * @param bool $default Make this email address the default address, this is a bit more intensive as we have to demote any existing default addresses
    * @return bool
    */
    public function exchange_add_address($username, $emailaddress, $default=FALSE) {
        if ($username==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
        if ($emailaddress==NULL) { return ("Missing compulsory fields [emailaddress]"); }
        
        $proxyvalue = 'smtp:';
        if ($default === true) {
            $proxyvalue = 'SMTP:';
        }
              
        // Find the dn of the user
        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn","proxyaddresses"));
        if ($user[0]["dn"]==NULL){ return (false); }
        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
        
        // We need to scan existing proxy addresses and demote the default one
        if (is_array($user[0]["proxyaddresses"]) && $default===true) {
            $modaddresses = array();
            for ($i=0;$i_conn,$user_dn,$modaddresses);
            if ($result==false){ return (false); }
            
            return (true);
        }
        else {
            // We do not have to demote an email address from the default so we can just add the new proxy address
            $attributes['exchange_proxyaddress'] = $proxyvalue . $emailaddress;
            
            // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
            $add=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
            
            if (!$add){ return (false); }
            
            // Do the update
            // Take out the @ to see any errors, usually this error might occur because the address already
            // exists in the list of proxyAddresses
            $result=@ldap_mod_add($this->_conn,$user_dn,$add);
            if ($result==false){ return (false); }
            
            return (true);
        }
    }
    
    /**
    * Remove an address to Exchange
    * If you remove a default address the account will no longer have a default, 
    * we recommend changing the default address first
    * 
    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the Exchange account to
    * @param string $emailaddress The email address to add to this user
    * @return bool
    */
    public function exchange_del_address($username, $emailaddress) {
        if ($username==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
        if ($emailaddress==NULL) { return ("Missing compulsory fields [emailaddress]"); }
        
        // Find the dn of the user
        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn","proxyaddresses"));
        if ($user[0]["dn"]==NULL){ return (false); }
        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
        
        if (is_array($user[0]["proxyaddresses"])) {
            $mod = array();
            for ($i=0;$i_conn,$user_dn,$mod);
            if ($result==false){ return (false); }
            
            return (true);
        }
        else {
            return (false);
        }
    }
    /**
    * Change the default address
    * 
    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the Exchange account to
    * @param string $emailaddress The email address to make default
    * @return bool
    */
    public function exchange_primary_address($username, $emailaddress) {
        if ($username==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
        if ($emailaddress==NULL) { return ("Missing compulsory fields [emailaddress]"); }
        
        // Find the dn of the user
        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn","proxyaddresses"));
        if ($user[0]["dn"]==NULL){ return (false); }
        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
        
        if (is_array($user[0]["proxyaddresses"])) {
            $modaddresses = array();
            for ($i=0;$i_conn,$user_dn,$modaddresses);
            if ($result==false){ return (false); }
            
            return (true);
        }
        
    }
    
    /**
    * Mail enable a contact
    * Allows email to be sent to them through Exchange
    * 
    * @param string $distinguishedname The contact to mail enable
    * @param string $emailaddress The email address to allow emails to be sent through
    * @param string $mailnickname The mailnickname for the contact in Exchange.  If NULL this will be set to the display name
    * @return bool
    */
    public function exchange_contact_mailenable($distinguishedname, $emailaddress, $mailnickname=NULL){
        if ($distinguishedname==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [distinguishedname]"); }   
        if ($emailaddress==NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [emailaddress]"); }  
        
        if ($mailnickname != NULL) {
            // Find the dn of the user
            $user=$this->contact_info($distinguishedname,array("cn","displayname"));
            if ($user[0]["displayname"]==NULL){ return (false); }
            $mailnickname = $user[0]['displayname'][0];
        }
        
        $attributes = array("email"=>$emailaddress,"contact_email"=>"SMTP:" . $emailaddress,"exchange_proxyaddress"=>"SMTP:" . $emailaddress,"exchange_mailnickname"=>$mailnickname);
         
        // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
        $mod=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
        
        // Check to see if this is an enabled status update
        if (!$mod){ return (false); }
        
        // Do the update
        $result=ldap_modify($this->_conn,$distinguishedname,$mod);
        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
        
        return (true);
    }

    //************************************************************************************************************
    // UTILITY FUNCTIONS (Many of these functions are protected and can only be called from within the class)

    /**
    * Get last error from Active Directory
    * 
    * This function gets the last message from Active Directory
    * This may indeed be a 'Success' message but if you get an unknown error
    * it might be worth calling this function to see what errors were raised
    * 
    * return string
    */
    public function get_last_error() {
        return @ldap_error($this->_conn);
    }
    
    /**
    * Schema
    * 
    * @param array $attributes Attributes to be queried
    * @return array
    */    
    protected function adldap_schema($attributes){
    
        // LDAP doesn't like NULL attributes, only set them if they have values
        // If you wish to remove an attribute you should set it to a space
        // TO DO: Adapt user_modify to use ldap_mod_delete to remove a NULL attribute
        $mod=array();
        
        // Check every attribute to see if it contains 8bit characters and then UTF8 encode them
        array_walk($attributes, array($this, 'encode8bit'));

        if ($attributes["address_city"]){ $mod["l"][0]=$attributes["address_city"]; }
        if ($attributes["address_code"]){ $mod["postalCode"][0]=$attributes["address_code"]; }
        //if ($attributes["address_country"]){ $mod["countryCode"][0]=$attributes["address_country"]; } // use country codes?
        if ($attributes["address_country"]){ $mod["c"][0]=$attributes["address_country"]; }
        if ($attributes["address_pobox"]){ $mod["postOfficeBox"][0]=$attributes["address_pobox"]; }
        if ($attributes["address_state"]){ $mod["st"][0]=$attributes["address_state"]; }
        if ($attributes["address_street"]){ $mod["streetAddress"][0]=$attributes["address_street"]; }
        if ($attributes["company"]){ $mod["company"][0]=$attributes["company"]; }
        if ($attributes["change_password"]){ $mod["pwdLastSet"][0]=0; }
        if ($attributes["department"]){ $mod["department"][0]=$attributes["department"]; }
        if ($attributes["description"]){ $mod["description"][0]=$attributes["description"]; }
        if ($attributes["display_name"]){ $mod["displayName"][0]=$attributes["display_name"]; }
        if ($attributes["email"]){ $mod["mail"][0]=$attributes["email"]; }
        if ($attributes["expires"]){ $mod["accountExpires"][0]=$attributes["expires"]; } //unix epoch format?
        if ($attributes["firstname"]){ $mod["givenName"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]; }
        if ($attributes["home_directory"]){ $mod["homeDirectory"][0]=$attributes["home_directory"]; }
        if ($attributes["home_drive"]){ $mod["homeDrive"][0]=$attributes["home_drive"]; }
        if ($attributes["initials"]){ $mod["initials"][0]=$attributes["initials"]; }
        if ($attributes["logon_name"]){ $mod["userPrincipalName"][0]=$attributes["logon_name"]; }
        if ($attributes["manager"]){ $mod["manager"][0]=$attributes["manager"]; }  //UNTESTED ***Use DistinguishedName***
        if ($attributes["office"]){ $mod["physicalDeliveryOfficeName"][0]=$attributes["office"]; }
        if ($attributes["password"]){ $mod["unicodePwd"][0]=$this->encode_password($attributes["password"]); }
        if ($attributes["profile_path"]){ $mod["profilepath"][0]=$attributes["profile_path"]; }
        if ($attributes["script_path"]){ $mod["scriptPath"][0]=$attributes["script_path"]; }
        if ($attributes["surname"]){ $mod["sn"][0]=$attributes["surname"]; }
        if ($attributes["title"]){ $mod["title"][0]=$attributes["title"]; }
        if ($attributes["telephone"]){ $mod["telephoneNumber"][0]=$attributes["telephone"]; }
        if ($attributes["mobile"]){ $mod["mobile"][0]=$attributes["mobile"]; }
        if ($attributes["pager"]){ $mod["pager"][0]=$attributes["pager"]; }
        if ($attributes["ipphone"]){ $mod["ipphone"][0]=$attributes["ipphone"]; }
        if ($attributes["web_page"]){ $mod["wWWHomePage"][0]=$attributes["web_page"]; }
        if ($attributes["fax"]){ $mod["facsimileTelephoneNumber"][0]=$attributes["fax"]; }
        if ($attributes["enabled"]){ $mod["userAccountControl"][0]=$attributes["enabled"]; }
        
        // Distribution List specific schema
        if ($attributes["group_sendpermission"]){ $mod["dlMemSubmitPerms"][0]=$attributes["group_sendpermission"]; }
        if ($attributes["group_rejectpermission"]){ $mod["dlMemRejectPerms"][0]=$attributes["group_rejectpermission"]; }
        
        // Exchange Schema
        if ($attributes["exchange_homemdb"]){ $mod["homeMDB"][0]=$attributes["exchange_homemdb"]; }
        if ($attributes["exchange_mailnickname"]){ $mod["mailNickname"][0]=$attributes["exchange_mailnickname"]; }
        if ($attributes["exchange_proxyaddress"]){ $mod["proxyAddresses"][0]=$attributes["exchange_proxyaddress"]; }
        if ($attributes["exchange_usedefaults"]){ $mod["mDBUseDefaults"][0]=$attributes["exchange_usedefaults"]; }
        
        // This schema is designed for contacts
        if ($attributes["exchange_hidefromlists"]){ $mod["msExchHideFromAddressLists"][0]=$attributes["exchange_hidefromlists"]; }
        if ($attributes["contact_email"]){ $mod["targetAddress"][0]=$attributes["contact_email"]; }
        
        //echo ("
"); print_r($mod);
        /*
        // modifying a name is a bit fiddly
        if ($attributes["firstname"] && $attributes["surname"]){
            $mod["cn"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]." ".$attributes["surname"];
            $mod["displayname"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]." ".$attributes["surname"];
            $mod["name"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]." ".$attributes["surname"];
        }
        */

        if (count($mod)==0){ return (false); }
        return ($mod);
    }

    /**
    * Coping with AD not returning the primary group
    * http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=321360 
    * 
    * For some reason it's not possible to search on primarygrouptoken=XXX
    * If someone can show otherwise, I'd like to know about it :)
    * this way is resource intensive and generally a pain in the @#%^
    * 
    * @deprecated deprecated since version 3.1, see get get_primary_group
    * @param string $gid Group ID
    * @return string
    */
    protected function group_cn($gid){    
        if ($gid==NULL){ return (false); }
        $r=false;
        
        $filter="(&(objectCategory=group)(samaccounttype=". ADLDAP_SECURITY_GLOBAL_GROUP ."))";
        $fields=array("primarygrouptoken","samaccountname","distinguishedname");
        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
        
        for ($i=0; $i<$entries["count"]; $i++){
            if ($entries[$i]["primarygrouptoken"][0]==$gid){
                $r=$entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0];
                $i=$entries["count"];
            }
        }

        return ($r);
    }
    
    /**
    * Coping with AD not returning the primary group
    * http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=321360 
    * 
    * This is a re-write based on code submitted by Bruce which prevents the 
    * need to search each security group to find the true primary group
    * 
    * @param string $gid Group ID
    * @param string $usersid User's Object SID
    * @return string
    */
    protected function get_primary_group($gid, $usersid){
        if ($gid==NULL || $usersid==NULL){ return (false); }
        $r=false;

        $gsid = substr_replace($usersid,pack('V',$gid),strlen($usersid)-4,4);
        $filter='(objectsid='.$this->getTextSID($gsid).')';
        $fields=array("samaccountname","distinguishedname");
        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);

        return $entries[0]['distinguishedname'][0];
     }
     
    /**
    * Convert a binary SID to a text SID
    * 
    * @param string $binsid A Binary SID
    * @return string
    */
     protected function getTextSID($binsid) {
        $hex_sid = bin2hex($binsid);
        $rev = hexdec(substr($hex_sid, 0, 2));
        $subcount = hexdec(substr($hex_sid, 2, 2));
        $auth = hexdec(substr($hex_sid, 4, 12));
        $result = "$rev-$auth";

        for ($x=0;$x < $subcount; $x++) {
            $subauth[$x] =
                hexdec($this->little_endian(substr($hex_sid, 16 + ($x * 8), 8)));
                $result .= "-" . $subauth[$x];
        }

        // Cheat by tacking on the S-
        return 'S-' . $result;
     }
     
    /**
    * Converts a little-endian hex number to one that hexdec() can convert
    * 
    * @param string $hex A hex code
    * @return string
    */
     protected function little_endian($hex) {
        $result = '';
        for ($x = strlen($hex) - 2; $x >= 0; $x = $x - 2) {
            $result .= substr($hex, $x, 2);
        }
        return $result;
     }
    
    /**
    * Obtain the user's distinguished name based on their userid 
    * 
    * 
    * @param string $username The username
    * @return string
    */
    protected function user_dn($username){
        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn"));
        if ($user[0]["dn"]==NULL){ return (false); }
        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
        return ($user_dn);
    }

    /**
    * Encode a password for transmission over LDAP
    *
    * @param string $password The password to encode
    * @return string
    */
    protected function encode_password($password){
        $password="\"".$password."\"";
        $encoded="";
        for ($i=0; $i 
    * @param string $str The string to escape
    * @return string
    */
    protected function ldap_slashes($str){
        return preg_replace('/([\x00-\x1F\*\(\)\\\\])/e',
                            '"\\\\\".join("",unpack("H2","$1"))',
                            $string);
    }
    
    /**
    * Select a random domain controller from your domain controller array
    * 
    * @return string
    */
    protected function random_controller(){
        mt_srand(doubleval(microtime()) * 100000000); // For older PHP versions
        return ($this->_domain_controllers[array_rand($this->_domain_controllers)]);
    }
    
    /**
    * Account control options
    *
    * @param array $options The options to convert to int 
    * @return int
    */
    protected function account_control($options){
        $val=0;

        if (is_array($options)){
            if (in_array("SCRIPT",$options)){ $val=$val+1; }
            if (in_array("ACCOUNTDISABLE",$options)){ $val=$val+2; }
            if (in_array("HOMEDIR_REQUIRED",$options)){ $val=$val+8; }
            if (in_array("LOCKOUT",$options)){ $val=$val+16; }
            if (in_array("PASSWD_NOTREQD",$options)){ $val=$val+32; }
            //PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE Note You cannot assign this permission by directly modifying the UserAccountControl attribute.
            //For information about how to set the permission programmatically, see the "Property flag descriptions" section.
            if (in_array("ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED",$options)){ $val=$val+128; }
            if (in_array("TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+256; }
            if (in_array("NORMAL_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+512; }
            if (in_array("INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+2048; }
            if (in_array("WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+4096; }
            if (in_array("SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+8192; }
            if (in_array("DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWORD",$options)){ $val=$val+65536; }
            if (in_array("MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+131072; }
            if (in_array("SMARTCARD_REQUIRED",$options)){ $val=$val+262144; }
            if (in_array("TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION",$options)){ $val=$val+524288; }
            if (in_array("NOT_DELEGATED",$options)){ $val=$val+1048576; }
            if (in_array("USE_DES_KEY_ONLY",$options)){ $val=$val+2097152; }
            if (in_array("DONT_REQ_PREAUTH",$options)){ $val=$val+4194304; } 
            if (in_array("PASSWORD_EXPIRED",$options)){ $val=$val+8388608; }
            if (in_array("TRUSTED_TO_AUTH_FOR_DELEGATION",$options)){ $val=$val+16777216; }
        }
        return ($val);
    }
    
    /**
    * Take an LDAP query and return the nice names, without all the LDAP prefixes (eg. CN, DN)
    *
    * @param array $groups
    * @return array
    */
    protected function nice_names($groups){

        $group_array=array();
        for ($i=0; $i<$groups["count"]; $i++){ // For each group
            $line=$groups[$i];
            
            if (strlen($line)>0){ 
                // More presumptions, they're all prefixed with CN=
                // so we ditch the first three characters and the group
                // name goes up to the first comma
                $bits=explode(",",$line);
                $group_array[]=substr($bits[0],3,(strlen($bits[0])-3));
            }
        }
        return ($group_array);    
    }
    
    /**
    * Delete a distinguished name from Active Directory
    * You should never need to call this yourself, just use the wrapper functions user_delete and contact_delete
    *
    * @param string $dn The distinguished name to delete
    * @return bool
    */
    protected function dn_delete($dn){ 
        $result=ldap_delete($this->_conn, $dn);
        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }
        return (true);
    }
    
    /**
    * Convert a boolean value to a string
    * You should never need to call this yourself
    *
    * @param bool $bool Boolean value
    * @return string
    */
    protected function bool2str($bool) {
        return ($bool) ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
    }
    
    /**
    * Convert 8bit characters e.g. accented characters to UTF8 encoded characters
    */
    protected function encode8bit(&$item, $key) {
        $encode = false;
        if (is_string($item)) {
            for ($i=0; $i> 7) {
                    $encode = true;
                }
            }
        }
        if ($encode === true && $key != 'password') {
            $item = utf8_encode($item);   
        }
    }    
}

/**
* adLDAP Exception Handler
* 
* Exceptions of this type are thrown on bind failure or when SSL is required but not configured
* Example:
* try {
*   $adldap = new adLDAP();
* }
* catch (adLDAPException $e) {
*   echo $e;
*   exit();
* }
*/
class adLDAPException extends Exception {}

?>